The Gap in Western Australian Law
Before 10 June 2025, Western Australia had no general civil remedy for invasion of privacy. The Surveillance Devices Act 1998 (WA) creates criminal offences for the use of listening devices, optical surveillance devices, and tracking devices without consent. But a criminal offence is not a civil remedy. A person whose privacy was invaded could report the matter to police, but could not bring a court action for compensation in their own right. The statutory tort for serious invasion of privacy under Schedule 2 of the Privacy Act changes this. For the first time, individuals in Perth and across Western Australia have a direct right of action in the Federal Court.
Two Pathways: Intrusion and Misuse
The tort covers two distinct forms of invasion. The first is intrusion upon seclusion: conduct such as surveillance, recording, tracking, eavesdropping, or physical intrusion into a person's private space. The second is misuse of personal information: the collection, use, or disclosure of private information such as health records, financial details, intimate images, or personal correspondence. Both pathways require the invasion to be intentional or reckless. Negligent or accidental privacy breaches are not actionable under the tort.
Common Scenarios in Perth
The types of privacy invasions we see are consistent across Australian cities. In Perth, common fact patterns include neighbours directing CCTV cameras at private areas of adjoining properties, ex-partners installing tracking software on phones or vehicles, employers conducting covert monitoring of employee communications, and the publication of private information on social media or community forums. The statutory tort provides a civil remedy in each of these scenarios, provided the seriousness threshold is met.
No Proof of Damage Required
One of the main features of the statutory tort is that it is actionable without proof of damage. A plaintiff does not need to demonstrate financial loss. The invasion itself is the wrong. This distinguishes the tort from most other causes of action and makes it particularly relevant where the harm is emotional, reputational, or relates to dignity and autonomy. The court may award compensation for non-economic loss capped at the greater of $478,550 or the maximum amount of damages for non-economic loss in defamation proceedings, and exemplary damages in cases of serious or flagrant misconduct.
Truth Is Not a Defence
Unlike defamation claims, the statutory tort does not allow a defence of truth. If someone publishes your private medical records, financial information, or intimate images, it does not matter that the information is accurate. The wrong is the invasion of privacy, not the falsity of the publication. Where the same conduct gives rise to both a privacy claim and a defamation claim, the two causes of action may be pursued together. We regularly advise on the intersection between defamation and privacy law.
Limitation Periods
The statutory tort imposes strict limitation periods. A claim must be commenced within one year from the date the plaintiff became aware of the invasion, or three years from the date of the invasion, whichever is earlier. Extensions are available in limited circumstances, to a maximum of six years. If you believe your privacy has been seriously invaded, prompt legal advice is important.